BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
(Vancouver Format)
Reference list at end of paper
References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text; they should not be listed alphabetically by author or title or put in date order.
Printed publications
Book
Example:
Neal MJ. Medical pharmacology at a glance. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific; 1987.
Rinsgiven MK, Bond D. Gerontology and leadership skills for nurses. 2nd ed. Albany (NY): Delmar Publishers; 1996.
Note: Where there are more than six authors list the first six names, followed by et al. (and others).
Government publication/Corporate author
Example:
Department of Health. Saving lives: our healthier nation. London: Stationery Office; 1999 (Cm 4386).
Institute of Medicine (US). Looking at the future of the Medicaid program. Washington: The Institute; 1992.
Report
Example:
Confidential enquiries into stillbirths and deaths in infancy. 5th Report. London: Stationery Office; 1998.
Chief Medical Officer's Committee on Medical Aspects of Food. Nutritional aspects of the development of cancer. London: Stationery Office; 1998. (Department of Health report on health and social subjects 48.)
Conference paper in published proceedings
Example:
Bengtsson S, Solheim BG. Enforcement of data protection, privacy and security in medical informatics. In: Lun KC, Degoulet P, Piemme TE, Rienhoff O, editors. MEDINFO 92. Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Medical Informatics; 1992 Sep 6-10; Geneva, Switzerland. Amsterdam: North-Holland; 1992. p.1561-5.
Journal article
Example:
You CH, Lee KY, Chey YW, Menguy R. Electrogastrographic study of patients with unexplained nausea, bloating and vomiting. Gastroenterology 1980;79:311-4.
Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1;124 (11):980-3.
Parkin DM, Clayton D, Black RJ, Masuyer E, Friedl HP, Ivanov E, et al. Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl: 5 year follow-up. Br J Cancer 1996;73:1006-12.
Cancer in South Africa [editorial]. S Afr MEd J 1994;84:15.
Note:
Journal titles which are just a single word are not abbreviated.
The titles of other journals should be abbreviated according to the style used in Index Medicus. Consult the List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus, published in the January issue of Index Medicus. The list can also be obtained through the NLM=s web site (http://www.nlm.nih.gov).
Newspaper article
Example:
Lee G. Hospitalizations tied to ozone pollution: study estimates 50,000 admissions annually. The Washington Post 1996 Jun 21; Sect. A:3 (col. 5).
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Electronic media
Individual works
Example:
CDI, clinical dermatology illustrated [monograph on CD-ROM]. Reeves JRT, Maibach H. CMEA Multimedia Group, 2nd ed. Version 2.0. San Diego: CMEA; 1995.
Journal article
Example:
Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar [cited 1996 Jun 5];1(1):[24 screens]. Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/eid.htm
Computer File
Example:
Hemodynamics III: the ups and downs of hemodynamics [computer program]. Version 2.2. Orlando (FL): Computerized Educational Systems; 1993.
Website (Including the access date)
